Human rights groups have documented Israel’s use of white phosphorus over civilian areas in Lebanon, a substance that can cause severe burns, respiratory issues, and death. The New York Times reported that Israel used white phosphorus in the Lebanese town of Nabatieh on May 30, verified through social media videos. This incident is part of a larger conflict between Israel and the Iran-backed militant group Hezbollah in Lebanon.
Israel re-started strikes on Hezbollah in Lebanon after a joint strike with the US on Iran in February. Hezbollah had first re-ignited the cross-border conflict with projectiles fired at communities in Northern Israel in early March. The conflict has resulted in the deaths of nine people, including three members of the Lebanese military, since a ceasefire agreement was rejected by Hezbollah.
White Phosphorus Use in Lebanon
White phosphorus is not banned under international law, but its use in and near populated areas is illegal due to the potential for widespread harm. The substance can create cruel injuries, including lifelong injuries, and cause death. It is a solid, waxy chemical that ignites instantly when combined with oxygen and can be used to create smoke screens or mark military targets.
However, the Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the use of incendiary agents like white phosphorus in civilian areas. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have accused Israel of using white phosphorus in a way that violates this law. The substance can cause indiscriminate damage, with one artillery projectile able to affect an area with a diameter of 125 to 250 meters.
The effects of white phosphorus can be deadly, causing severe burns that penetrate through bones and producing particles that damage eyes and the upper respiratory tract. The substance can also be difficult to extinguish and can re-ignite when re-exposed to oxygen, burning for several days or weeks later.
International Implications
The use of white phosphorus by Israel has sparked international concern, with human rights groups calling for an end to its use in civilian areas. The US has also used white phosphorus in the past, most recently in Iraq in 2017. The incident highlights the need for greater accountability and adherence to international law in conflicts.
The situation in Lebanon remains volatile, with continued Israeli airstrikes and a rejected ceasefire agreement. The use of white phosphorus by Israel has significant implications for the protection of civilians in conflict zones and the need for stricter adherence to international law.
